Monday, December 5, 2011

Some Basics about computer

1. RAM: Random Access Memory

2. ROM: Read Only Memory

3. PROM: Permanent Read Only Memory

4. I/O: Input Output Device

5. CPU: Central Processing Unit

6. ALU: Arithmectic Logic Unit

7. ENIAC: Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer- First Computer

8. Fastesr Computer of world:    Fujitsu K computer    Peak Speed(10.51 PFLOPS)  

9. India’s fastest computer:  SAGA-220 which capable of a theoretical peak performance of 220 TeraFLOPS (trillion floating point operations per second).

10. First Computer virus:  Creeper virus

11. Operating Systems: Windows, Apple, Linux, DOS

12. Main processors used: Intel, AMD

13. Latest processors: i3,i5,i7(32nm)-Sandy bridge, AMD : FX 4-Core Black Edition FX-4100 3600,
FX 6-Core Black Edition FX 6100 3300
1100T - AMD Phenom II X6 - 125 W

14. Anti-virus software: Microsoft security essentials, AVG, Avast, Avira, Bit-Defender, Guardian, Symantec etc

15. Application softwares: Adobe Photoshop, Picasa, KMP etc

16. PDF: Portable Document Format

17. USB: Universal Serial bus

18. LAN: Local Area  Network

19. WAN: Wide Area Network

20. MAN: Metropolitian Area Network

21. Starting of internet: In 1960s with APRANET

22. TCP/IP: TCP: Transfer Control Protocol, IP: Internet protocol

23. VoIP: Voice over Internet protocol

24. WWW: World Wide Web

25. FTP: Filetransfer Protocol

26. HTTP: Hyper text transfer protocol

27. HTML: Hyper Text Markup Language

28. Some computer languages: Java, C,C++, Oracle

29. Some input devices: Keyboard, mouse, game controller, scanner, bar-code scanne, light pen etc

30. Some output devices: Printer, Monitor, Projector, speakers etc

31. Main Components of computer: Mother board, Processor, SMPS(Switch mode power supply), RAM, Hard disks(Storage Device), DVD/ROM, USB, Fans etc

32. BIOS: Basic input output system

33. DOS: Disk Operating system

34. FAT: File Allocation Table

35. Data: any numeral, alphabet etc which occupies space can be reffered to as data.
8 bits= 1 byte, 1024 bytes: 1 Kilo byte, 1024 kb= 1Mega Byte, 1024 MB: 1Giga Byte, 1024 GB= 1Tera byte.

36. Information: It is classified form of data which is understandable as well as communicable.
 E.G: 18 is data while "SANjay is  18 years old is information"

37. Database: It is logical arrangement of files.

38. DBMS: Data Base Management System: It is software package which allows to create/edit/delete/manage/secure/integerate/share data-base.

39. File structure in database: Hierchial, Network, Relational Database

40. DBA: Data Base Administrator

41. CD: Compact disk

42. DVD: Digital Versatile Disk

43. Image/graphic formats: jpg, png, gif

44. Audio formats: mp3,mp4,aac ,amr

45. Video formats: avi, mp4, 3gp, h.263

46. HD: High Definition

47. Variuos monitors: LED(Light emmiting diode) monitors, lcd(liquid crystal display monitors), CRT(Cathode Ray Tube) monitors.

48. Some main computer companies: HP, IBM, DELL, Acer, Lenovo

49. Types of computers: Desktops computers, laptops, notebooks

50. Main software development companies: Microsoft, Nvidia, Apple

51. Indian IT Act came up in year 2000.

52. UPS: Un-interrupted power supply

53. Some main commands: Run: CMD, dxdiag, regedit, gepedit,ping

54. Some shortcuts: Window+R= Run, CTR+C= Copy, CTR+V= Paste, CTR+P= Print, CTR+Z= Undo, CTR+S= Save, Alt+F4= To close files/programmes, CTR+ALT+Del= Task Manager, Window+tab: Switching between open files/windows

55. Some main browsers: Internet explorer, Fire fox, Google chrome, Opera

56. Sites which provide u email ids: Yahoo, rediff, gmail

57. Social Networking sites: Facebook, Google+, Orkut, Tweeter

58.Some portable storage devices: External hard disks, pendribe/usb drive. memory cards, cd,dvd

59. Upcoming processors: Ivy bridge processors of intel.

60. Some motherboard manufactures: ASUS, Intel,




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